Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that progresses over...

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that progresses over time. It affects your movement through your nervous system; the disorder causes stiffness, and slow movement in your body. Most noticeably started in little â€Å"tremors† in your hands it gradually increases over time. Early stages consists little expression in your face or no movement in your arms as you walk. Your speech may also slur, or slow down. Symptoms usually worsen over time. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person. They often affect one side of your body and steadily make its way to the other side. Regrettably, the first side is usually affected the worst. Tremors usually affect the body. Shaking begins in your hands or fingers. You can tell when your†¦show more content†¦Also exposure to toxins such as herbicides, and pesticides slightly increases your risks due to the chemicals. Parkinson’s disease is also accompanied by dementia in some cases. Your thinking be comes difficult due to cognitive problems in the brain. Depression and emotional changes in your person may develop also. You may feel panicked, anxious, or even lose motivation to carry out your day. Symptoms like these can be cured with anti-depressants. Drooling may become an issue due to it being hard, or slowed swallowing. Also patients with Parkinson’s may develop sleep disorders. Waking up in throughout the night, or waking up early or sleeping earlier than usual can be expected. You may also experience rapid eye movement, which involves actin gout your dreams. Being unable to control your bladder, or difficulty urinating is also a complication of Parkinson’s. Due to a slower digestive tract, you may have constipation. Your blood pressure also changes. You will feel dizzy or lightheaded when you stand; this is due to orthostatic hypotension, a drop in blood pressure. You may also experience problems in your sense of smell. You may have trouble identifying a cert ain odor, or differentiating between smells. Fatigue and pain are also complications of the disease. You lose energy and quickly become tired. Pain is usually associated in different parts of the body. There are different leads to Parkinson’s disease. As time progresses certain neurons in yourShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Parkinsons Disease1450 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder; its characteristics are loss of muscle control, stiffness, slowness, shaking, and impaired balance. My grandmother had Parkinson’s very bad and she couldn’t walk anymore or hardly talk, it’s very sad because they are just unable to do anything. Muhammad Ali is one of the best boxers of all time and now he also suffers from Parkinson’s; he also has all of these symptoms and is hardly able to talk. As symptoms worsenRead MoreSymptoms of Parkinsons Disease Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesSymptoms of Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons Disease is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system. Parkinsons is a disease that may happen in younger people, but the risk mainly increases with age. This is because many of the cellular systems in the brain are difficult to renew by themselves while there are trillions of nerve cells in the brain to compensate for the loss of these cells. For example, in Parkinsons disease the symptoms are caused by the selective loss of a small populationRead MoreParkinson’S Disease. Abstract. Parkinson’S Disease Is A2430 Words   |  10 PagesParkinson’s Disease Abstract Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity orRead MoreParkinson s Disease And Its Effects1810 Words   |  8 PagesParkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that affects the movements and nervous system of the body. Parkinson’s starts out slow and continues to worsen over time. It is estimated that one million people in the United States alone are struggling with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a very hard disease to live with day by day. It can make simple fine motor skills a difficult task such as, buttoning your pants, eating a slice of pizza, or even turning a door handle. It affects aboutRead MoreThe Cancer Of The Blood Cells3912 Words   |  16 Pagescancer of the blood cells. Leukaemia is a common type of blood cancer and can have an effect on adults 10 times more as children. People diagnosed with leukaemia are normally people who are over 50 years old. Leukaemia usually starts in the bone marrow, where blood cells are formed in the body. The bone marrow forms three types of blood cells: ï‚ § White blood cells helps fight off infections and diseases. ï‚ § Red blood cells are responsible in carrying out oxygen throughout the body. ï‚ § Platelets support inRead MoreEffectiveness Of Health And Social Care2541 Words   |  11 PagesDiscuss how the practitioners and agencies involved in the care pathways work together to provide the care needed for both physiological disorders Introduction In this assignment I will discuss the effectiveness of health and social care practitioners and agencies working together to deliver the care pathway for one of the chosen physiological disorders. The disorder I have chosen to evaluate is diabetes type 2 diabetes. Strengths Working in a multidisciplinary team means the patient with type 2Read MoreParkinson s Disease : A Progressive Neurodegenerative Movement Disease Essay6696 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction The research problem Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disease affecting approximately 1% of people at age 60. It is the most second most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease in the elderly (after Alzheimer’s Disease). In PD patients, loss of dopamine-producing neurons results in a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD increases with age, and currently there is no cure, no means of slowing the disease progression, and no meansRead MoreWhat Is Alzheimer s Disease? Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pages What is Alzheimer’s Disease? Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a type of dementia that is irreversible and it causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. The symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. (â€Å"Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia,† n.d.). Dementia is a term for a decrease in the intellectual ability which it can be severe enough to interfere with an individual’s day to day life. The German neurologist Alois Alzheimer was theRead MoreSpinal Cord And The Nervous System Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe nervous system is associated to many neurological diseases including strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, sleep disorders, and spinal cord injuries. Spinal cord injuries arise to be extremely common, in fact, each year in the United States there are ten thousand new spinal cord injuries alone (Spinal Cord Injury). The spinal cord is an immensely fragile part of the body, it contains a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the brain to the rest of the body. Since the spinal cord isRead MoreLevel 3 Health and Social Care Unit 365dementia3984 Words   |  16 Pages Alzheimer’s disease: The brain is a very complex organ and it is divided up into different areas that control bodily functions. The brain contains at least 100 billion cells. In dementia some of these cells stop working. The part of the brain this occurs in will affect how that person thinks, remembers and communicates. Alzheimers disease, first described by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, is a physical disease affecting the brain. During the course of the disease, protein plaques

Early Childhood Education Inequality Outline For...

Hannah Caldwell October 29th, 2016 Professor Gaines Oral Communication Heading Title: Formal Outline for Persuasive Speech Topic: Early Childhood Education Inequality Specific Purpose: Persuasive Speech for Education Inequality Introduction Attention Material: Did you know â€Å"children in extreme poverty are half as likely to graduate from high school?† This is one shocking statistic from Teach for America among many that show how poverty is related to education inequality. According to WKNO front line, â€Å"The average dropout can expect to earn an annual income of $20,241, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That’s a full $10,386 less than the typical high school graduate, and $36,424 less than someone with a bachelor’s degree.† So just looking at those numbers alone, it is obvious how poverty and education relate and it is obvious we need to do something to keep these kids in school and make sure they are getting the best education available to reduce their likelihood of being in poverty. Thesis: These statistics can be changed with time, and we can help these children to beat the odds and overcome education inequality. Preview: These points that I am going to provide will helpfully help you to see what I see when looking at education inequality, its relation to poverty and what we can do about it. (First, we will talk about why this is so important.) Body I. Academic success has proven to have a direct correlation to poverty. A. According to The Urban Child Institute’sShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagessyndrome is experienced as sickness, stomach upset and muscular pain. Hallucinations and convulsions may also occur. EXPLAIN WHY ALCOHOL IS A DRUG Alcohol is a drug because it affects the body tissues and as a result influences behaviour. BRIEFLY OUTLINE THREE REASONS WHY PEOPLE BECOME DEPENDENT ON DRUGS People become dependent on drugs because of curiosity, believing drugs will improve mental processes. Fashionable. Thinking they are not addictive and following friends and in an attempt to escapeRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pages6 TOPIC 7 TOPIC 8 TOPIC 9 INTRODUCTION DISCLAIMER These materials are issued by Kaplan Higher Education on the understanding that: 1. Kaplan Higher Education and individual contributors are not responsible for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in these materials, nor for any errors or omissions; and 2. Kaplan Higher Education and individual contributors expressly disclaim all and any liability to any person in respect of anything and of the consequencesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesDuberley Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham Phil Johnson The Management School, The University of Sheffield . Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordanceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageseven peaceful protest, opened the way for brutally repressive regimes that actively promoted or systematically engineered the massive episodes of rape, oppression, and genocidal killing that were major offshoots of a second global conflict in the early 1940s. The barbarous treatment meted out to tens of millions of men, women, and children in a decade that marked the nadir of recorded human history provided much of the impetus for a worldwide resurgence of human rights activism, agitation, andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCoral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc

Adolf Hitler s Speech Skills - 1409 Words

Throughout all of history, Adolf Hitler is one of the many figures whose climb to power was greatly dependent on their oration skills. He governed Germany for a twelve year third Reich; giving five thousand public speeches over the course of those twelve years. He used the dismal conditions of the German economy and government; along with his persuasive speech skills to build an empire that will be etched into history forever. It is very likely that, if Adolf Hitler hadn’t possessed the speech skills that he had, he could have never been elected Chancellor of Germany. Which would have reduced the chances of World War II ever happening to almost nothing. Throughout Hitler’s call to the German people, he makes lots of promises to the desperate German people, uses meticulously crafted persuasive language, and relies heavily on the tone of his voice to deliver an enthusiastic message to the audience in an attempt to spread his influence. In addition to there being a large c rowd present; the event was televised as well, allowing for millions of people to tune in and watch Hitler’s first speech as Chancellor of Germany. The audience played a very important role in the rhetoric of this speech. Many of the people who watched this were German citizens. More importantly, the main target of this speech is the German middle class. This speech was given at a time when the German middle class was hurting immensely. Not only was Hitler targeting the largest group in Germany but the onesShow MoreRelatedMathew Milby. English Iv. Mrs. Tyree. March 28, 2017. Adolf1071 Words   |  5 PagesMilby English IV Mrs. Tyree March 28, 2017 Adolf Hitler a Great Leader? A great leader firstly should be able to take full advantage of favorable circumstances, able to rule the country under a chaotic situation. Hitler made attractive promises to gain popular support, he was skilled in using propaganda and amoral. Hitler may have killed millions of people but his leading skills were outstanding even if he used them for the wrong reasons. Adolf Hitler was one of the 20th century’s most powerfulRead MoreHitler s Rise Of Power1221 Words   |  5 PagesKekoa Blair Amanda Dibella English 10 MYP5 Hugh Jazz 14 March 2016 Hitler s Rise to Power Hitler s rise to power was greatly facilitated by his social mind with a theoretically high IQ of around 150 in the top 0.1% of everyone in the world. This large amount of intelligence can help him out think and keep himself one step ahead of everyone near him keeping his plans in clear site without the anyone the wiser. Hitler used two major skills to get power: persuasive rhetoric and cleverly worded statementsRead MoreAdolf Hitler : An Experimental View1562 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol others was demonstrated in a remarkable set of studies performed by Stanley Milgram (1974).Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York, NY: Harper Row. The dictator I chosen to write my paper is Adolf Hitler. Born in Austria in 1889, Adolf Hitler rose to power in German politics as leader of Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers Party). Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 - 1945, and served as dictator from 1934- 1945. His policies leadRead M oreLeadership Is Not Changed Over The Course Of Time952 Words   |  4 PagesQueen Elizabeth’s speech to the Spanish Armada. Leadership can be defined as a person who is able to relate to their subjects, accept their responsibilities as a leader, and has a following of supportive people. In Queen Elizabeth’s speech to her troops at Tilbury, she evinces her positive leadership ability. Queen Elizabeth was well known, by the public, for her ability to relate to her people. She was able relate to her troops, and thus inspire them, in particular during this speech when she saysRead MoreThe World s Most Dangerous Leaders1601 Words   |  7 PagesBeing one of the world s most dangerous,people may fear you,or you may fear them,but despite all of the hardships and easy aspects of life after,you may take on some crazy life threatening situations during the beginning of your life,or before taking the hands of being a great power and leader. All of the world s most dangerous leaders have shown there lives as an enemy or hero after childhood,but not as a kid.To figure out who is the worst we may go over who does what,when they did that and howRead MoreTo What Extent Did Hitler Manipulate the German Population into Following his Nazi Regime1697 Words   |  7 Pagesexte nt did Hitler manipulate the German population into following his Nazi regime? From 1933-1945 Adolf Hitler rose to the peak of his political power, by creating a stronghold over the German people. The use of oratory skills, in conjunction with his knowledge and use of propaganda and his suppression of details of the Holocaust, created a vibe of â€Å"electric excitement† for Germany. (Fritzsche, 1998) His targeting of the German minority and his radical push for anti-Semitism allowed Hitler to corruptRead MoreNazi Germany: A Totalitarian State?1532 Words   |  7 Pages have discussed these aspects of life I would finish off my essay with a conclusion answering the purpose of this essay. By 1934 Adolf Hitler appeared to have complete control over Germany, but like most dictators, he constantly feared that he might be ousted by others who wanted his power. To protect himself from a possible coup, Hitler used the tactic of divide and rule and encouraged other leaders such as Hermann Goering, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler and ErnstRead MoreThesis statement: Leadership depends on the leader’s leadership style and there way of1300 Words   |  6 Pagesleader by being themselves. There are cultural values and gender values when it comes to different leadership styles, research has found out that women and men both have different methods of being leaders such as men are more direct when giving a power speech compared to women who prefer a participative style of leadership (McShane pg 384).Leadership however is based on a technique the leader uses and how they apply it to their followers and not so much about who is following the leader but rather whatRead MoreHitler : Genius Or Madman?2021 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Buckhoff English 107 section 06 24 March 2016 Hitler: Genius or Madman? While most claim him to be terrifying, evil, and even insane, in reality this may not be the case. In fact, most who claim this do not even know Hitler at all. Like most people, Hitler’s upbringing and experiences along the way shaped him into the monster that the majority of the world sees him as today. Unlike many others, however, Adolf Hitler fought relentlessly in pursuit of his goals and never gave in toRead MoreHow Discourse Is Used For Power And Knowledge, And For Resistance And Critique1203 Words   |  5 Pagesjust a part† (Fairclough, 1989, p.24). As pervasive ways of experiencing the world, discourses refer to expressing oneself using words. Discourses can be used for asserting power and knowledge, and for resistance and critique. The speakers: Audolf Hitler and Winston Churchill ideological content in speeches as does the linguistic form of the speeches. That is, selection or choice of a linguistic form may not be a live process for the individual speaker, but the discourse will be a reproduction of

Racism in Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings...

Racism in Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Maya Angelou, the current poet laureate of the United States, has become for many people an exemplary role model. She read an original poem at the inauguration of President Clinton; she has also appeared on the television show Touched by an Angel, and there read another poem of her own composition; she lectures widely, inspiring young people to aim high in life. Yet this is an unlikely beginning for a woman who, by the age of thirty, had been San Franciscos first black streetcar conductor; an unmarried mother; the madam of a San Diego brothel; a prostitute, a showgirl, and an actress (Lichtler, 861927397.html). Her book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings argues persuasively†¦show more content†¦In another instance, Angelou describes an incident in which she had a terrible toothache from two abscessed teeth. Since her grandmother (whom Maya called Momma) had once loaned money to a white dentist, Momma decided to take Angelou to him to see if he would treat her teeth, despite the fact that white doctors did not normally treat blacks. The dentist refused, telling Momma that hed rather stick [his] hand in a dogs mouth than in a niggers (Angelou, 160). In another instance, a group of po white trash children confront Momma at her store, taunting her. As Renee Barlow notes, They were represented as clownish, dirty, and rather silly. On the other hand, Mama simply stood like a rock and sang the Gospel. Her beauty of soul versus their disgusting antics creates a powerful scene about the nature of the oppressed and the oppressor. Marguerite, meanwhile, lies crouched behind the screen in agony at the inability of her class to command respect simply because of their color. Then, as the scene progresses, she understands that in spite of the disparity of power between the powhite trash and Mama, Mama has won (Barlow, 861927397.html). She has won not because she has outsmarted the white youths or even -- strictly speaking -- overpowered them, but because she has outclassed them. This is a powerful lesson for a child to learn, and one that wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Racism in Maya Angelou’s Novel, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 842 Words   |  3 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about how the theme of Racism is developed throughout Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings novel. Angelou on the second page states, â€Å"Wouldn’t they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn’t let me straighten? My light-blue eyes were going to hypnotize them, after all the things they said about â€Å"my daddy must have been a Chinaman†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (AngelouRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1482 Words   |  6 Pages Maya Angelou tells of her life experiences and struggles in her book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† that gives us insight about Maya’s life as a young black girl growing up in a time of racism. The novel discusses various forms of oppression that she had to face as well cope with them. Robert A. Gross wrote an analysis for Newsweek about the book and claimed that Angelou’s book is not only an interesting story of her own experience, but also a portrayal of a Southern black communityRead MoreIgnorance And Racism In I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings706 Words   |  3 Pagesstory or novel. The book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou has three prominent motifs which are represented throughout the book. Ignorance and illiteracy, self-esteem, and racism are all present motifs in Maya Angelou’s autobiographical novel. Ignorance and illiteracy are displayed by Momma and Maya, respectively. Momma displays ignorance when she does not understand the new slang of the times and Maya show illiteracy when she gets pregnant by accident. Maya struggles with being a NegroRead MoreMaya Angelou1001 Words   |  5 PagesMa ya Angelou You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness. But still, like air, Ill rise. Have you ever been so influenced by such a small amount of powerful words? This brilliant quote extracted from Maya Angelous own poem, Still I Rise, basically brings out the spirit and nature of each of her publications. Maya Angelous works of poetry are seen as inspiration for those who have been discriminated for their public appearances. AsRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis1661 Words   |  7 PagesSociety today has an upheaving amount of problems that span from racism, poverty, persecution, and war, etc. Banners of books are attempting to eradicate any written piece that touches on the mere obstacles of society. The people who hold the vandalism tools in this situation are parents, who have children in the public school system. One book at a time, they annihilate authors and classic novels, themes, and genres in ord er to get their agenda across. The First Amendment to The United States ConstitutionRead MoreLiterary Elements Of Maya Angelou1976 Words   |  8 PagesLiterary Elements of Maya Angelou and Toni Morrison Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. She was a writer and civil rights activist best known for her 1969 memoir, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.† As a young child Angelou witnessed her parents’ divorce and she and her brother were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, she constantly experienced racism and discrimination, and she was able to translate the emotions that she felt, intoRead More Maya Angelou: Hope into Art Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou: Hope into Art      Ã‚  Ã‚   Before delving into a discussion of celebrated writer Maya Angelou, a fuller understanding of the worldview that shapes her work can be gleaned from a brief review of a few lines from the 1962 Nobel Prize winning speech of another celebrated writer, John Steinbeck:    The writer is delegated to declare and to celebrate mans proven capacity for greatness of heart and spirit--for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless warRead MoreLiterary Analysis of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay2756 Words   |  12 PagesEnglish 2 Professor Padilla Themes of Racism and Segregation in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Specifically it will discuss the themes of racism and segregation, and how these strong themes are woven throughout this moving autobiography. Maya Angelou recounts the story of her early life, including the racism and segregation she experiences throughoutRead MoreMaya Angelou655 Words   |  3 PagesMa 2(1565443) Maya Angelou is known as the â€Å"most visible black female autobiographer/poet.† She was born, Marguerite Ann Johnson, on April fourth, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents divorced when she was three, and she and her brother were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. Seeing all the racial discrimination in the American south strengthened her passion for poetry, music, dance and performance. Maya writes about the struggles people face, racism and freedom. At ageRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1888 Words   |  8 Pages Maya Angelou once said â€Å"We may encounter many defeats but we must not be defeated† and this phrase speaks volume in comparison to Angelou’s life story. She was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. The name Maya was given to her by her older brother, Bailey Jr. Maya Angelou is not only a sister, but also an inspirational role model, a mother, an author, a poet, a civil rights activist, and an actor. In 1969 Angelou’s world renowned book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird

Correlation of Fast food culture Free Essays

Correlation of Fast Food Culture and the High Rate of Teenage Obesity Nowadays, food is easily accessible In the united States. All we have to do to obtain food Is open the refrigerator, go to the supermarket, or stop at drive- through (Closer and Wilson 208), Fast food even became a trend replacing regular food since decades ago. Every time when we stand In front of a fast food shop, the typical smiling face of a cartoon Like Ronald McDonald always warms our heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Correlation of Fast food culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The golden-fried chip, big, juicy, meaty hamburgers together with different sorts of sweetened icy beverages could easily appeal to our appetite. They come fast, delicious and satisfying, which makes it hard for us to resist. However, when we taking the money out of our pocket to purchase for a big luscious meal, we often ignore the sweeping adverse effects that ensue from this kind of sweet, salty and fatty food. As the time went by, the occurrence of fast food was changed from a positive purpose of providing rushing customers a convenient halfway stop for food to a problematic culture that arise various physiological problems, with obesity being on the top of the list. According to the latest statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there as been a remarkable escalation of obese people In the US, from averagely 10% to 14 % In 1990 to over 30% In 2010. Although fast food Is Indeed a shortcut to cater for our fast working pace, It alters our traditional way of eating homemade food. The phenomenon of overconfidence on fast food passes onto the next generation, shaping people’s preference for a wider acceptance of the convenience brought along by it at the expense of their health. As everyone knows, fast food culture attracts mixed audience, from children to middle-class white-collar workers as well as high- level officials. But with the chains’ cent tactic marketing strategy on kids and parents’ attitude toward pampering their children, adolescent obesity rate is remarkably escalating. Many chains now mostly set children as target consumers due to the multiple profits brought along by them. Those restaurants certainly know the theory to achieve a successful business Is to give away toys, which Is the most attractive come-on for children. Companies usually Introduce different versions of the same toy, so that kids will nag their parents to evils the same store again, whose act can bring in both parents that the adults try every means to satisfy their kids’ desires regardless of their health. In most cases, both parents and kids fall prey to the selling strategies of fast food chains. Restaurants take the money and the public risk their health. It can be seen there is a close relationship between the marketing tactics on kids and the compromising temptation of parents toward the kids’ excessive Correlation of Fast food culture By Aliquot food is easily accessible in the United States. All we have to do to obtain food is open Every time when we stand in front of a fast food shop, the typical smiling face of a orator like Ronald McDonald always warms our heart. The golden-fried chip, big, has been a remarkable escalation of obese people in the US, from averagely 10% to 14 % in 1990 to over 30% in 2010. Although fast food is indeed a shortcut to cater for our fast working pace, it alters our traditional way of eating homemade food. The Those restaurants certainly know the theory to achieve a successful business is to give away toys, which is the most attractive come-on for children. Companies usually introduce different versions of the same toy, so that kids will nag their parents to visit How to cite Correlation of Fast food culture, Essays

Various Approaches Of Quality Management Large Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Various Approaches Of Quality Management That Are Practiced In Large Organizations Like Toyota? Answer: Introduction: In this paper, the various strategies that need to be implemented in Toyota, so as to improve the existing quality management system, have been discussed in details. a. Definitions of quality The quality of any service or product provided by a business organization refers to the perception of quantifying the degree of satisfaction that customers have in terms of using the products of the organization or the services of the organization. The key to achieve a high quality in terms of products and service is to design and develop the products being made available to the customers in such a way that the end products are able to meet the expectations of the customers. However, it should be mentioned that quality has no special meaning until and unless it is associated or related to any specific object, product and/ or functionality of the business procedure: quality is nothing but a conditional perception that can be considered as an attribute of an object or product, in spite of being somewhat subjective. The interpretation of the term quality in context of business kept on changing with time. Thus, the term quality can be defined in various ways, some of which have been described in the following section: The American Society for Quality defines quality as term that can be used subjectively by each and every other person, depending on the personal definition of the term (Myer, 2003). However, in general, term quality can be thought of having two meanings, when used in technical aspects: on one hand it can be considered as those characteristics of the services and products that have the ability to satisfy the needs of the customers, according to the specifications being provided. On the other hand, quality can also be considered as a product or service which is free of deficiencies. Peter Drucker defines quality as the utilities that are available to a customer from the purchase of any product or service: and the quantification of quality can be done by gathering the information that how much exactly the customers are willing to pay to avail the utilities (Hunt, 2009). The ISO 9000 standards define quality as the extent to which a product or a set of services are able to meet the requirements of the customers: where the word requirement is used in a dual sense, to mean the expectation of the customers or their specific needs (International standards desk reference: your passport to world markets, ISO 9000, CE Mark, QS-9000, SSM, ISO 14000, Q 9000, American, European, and global standards systems, 2007). However, the Six Sigma rule defines quality to be the quantity of defects present in each million of opportunities (Snee, 2010). The first two definitions mentioned above consider quality to be a subjective attribute used to define an object; only the ISO 9000 and the Six Sigma standards can be used to quantify quality. However, in manufacturing industry, although the designs are developed keeping in mind the specific requirements of the customers, yet each and every product has to pass through various testing phases that aim at eliminating any defective part from being incorporated in a finished product. Thus the Six Sigma standard should be used by Toyota. b.Processes of inspection and assurance The movement for developing quality products can be traced back to the 13th century Europe where guilds were being formed for the purpose of quality checking. The Industrial Revolution of the 1800s further emphasized the need of proper quality checks of the products being manufactured and from the early 1900s, quality practices were being considered as an essential aspect of product development. However, the various standards of total quality management were being formulated only after the Japanese quality movement started post World War II (Wong and Li, 2010). Various methods are put to use in the process of inspecting products and providing the assurance of quality, some of which have been discussed in the following section. Quality Planning: This process is used to identify specific quality standards that would be confirmed to while manufacturing a product, besides determining the processes that should be used to satisfy the specifications mentioned in the standards (Chung Sea Law, 2010). Quality Assurance: the process using which the overall performance of the production system is measured or evaluated, besides providing the assurance that the characteristics of the products will adhere to chosen quality standard is known as quality assurance (Chung Sea Law, 2010). The evaluation of the entire process of production is performed using various tools and techniques, besides the implementation of quality audits. Quality Control: In this stage, the products and/or services provided by the organization are monitored so as to determine whether they conform to the associated quality standards. Various methods are used for the process of quality control of a product, some of them being Pareto diagrams, statistical sampling, trend analysis etc (McDowall, 2006). Total Quality Management: TQM refers to the process of implementing various quality improvement strategies throughout all the operational activities of an organization, like that of planning, field testing, designing, training, auditing etc (Steensen, 2010). The BS 5750 is a British Standard of excellence used in evaluate the process of quality management; it had been originally designed as an engineering standard, but currently is being applied to other industries, like that of hospitality, food and beverages, etc. The ISO 9002 is model developed by the International Organization for Standardization, so as to assure the standard of quality in the production industry, the installation industry and the servicing industry. These two standards are widely being used by organizations for their quality control processes. c.Quality management approaches Edward Deming (1986) was of the opinion that quality should be considered as anything the customer requires or expects from a product or service he or she is paying for (Taggart, 2011). Deming had propagated a Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) cycle which aims at producing goods and services of high quality to meet the expectations of the customers (Bayes et al., 1963). Joseph Juran is widely known for his principle of "Quality Trilogy": a process made up of three stages namely planning of quality, improvement of quality, and control of quality (Wood and Wood, 2005, De Feo and Barnard, 2004). According to Ishikawa, the employees of an organization have a major role in the process of quality control of the organization, keeping in mind that relying overly on the quality o the professionals might reduce the scope improvement (Lighter, Fair and Lighter, 2004). According to this theory, quality control should be implied on the company itself, the management, and the human resources and so on and so forth (Bradley and Thompson, 2000). According to Phillip Crosby, quality should be defined as the adherence to the requirements of the customers and the prevention of wastage should be considered as the first step towards quality management. The above mentioned strategies have been compared in the following section: Guru Definitions of Quality Emphasis Dominant factor Deming Customer led Process Control of variation Juran Customer led People and Process Fitness for use Ishikawa Value led People and Process Companywide quality control Phillip Crosby Supply led Performance and process Conformance to requirements Toyota has been experiencing issues on different models of their products for the past few financial years, which indicates that the fault lies somewhere within the operational activities used to design and develop the products. Thus, Ishikawas model of quality management should be implemented by Toyota to win back the faith of customers. a.Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction can be defined as the degree to which the customers feel happy and/ or satisfied with the products or services that they have purchased form an organization. It is generally found that customers feel satisfied when a product or service along with being pocket friendly, meets their specific requirements and delivers all those utilities that have been promised by the manufacturer (Barlow and Mller, 2008). Any organization can increase the level of customer satisfaction through the application of following strategies: Providing better information: Providing better and helpful information about the technologies used in the products and/or the services, and their utilities results in raising the level of customer satisfaction (Inghilleri and Solomon, 2010). Improved quality of products: Providing the customers with goods and services of higher qualities, as compared to the same commodities being manufactured by competitor companies, ensures that the customers will be satisfied with the organization. After sales services: The availability of high quality after sales services ensures a high level of customer satisfaction. Presently, most manufacturing organizations provide the details of their products, the various technologies used in these products and the services that are available on the purchase of these products on their official websites. Thus customers have an easy access to all such information, comparing which they can decide on which product or service to choose. Thus, in todays world of information technology, the only strategy which organizations can move win the competition with their competitors is by providing higher quality products and services (GuÃÅ'ˆngoÃÅ'ˆr, 2007). b.Continuous quality improvement A continuous improvement process can be thought of s a series of ongoing efforts that aim at improving the products and the services that are being made available to the customers or processes that are used to design and develop such product and services (Chrupcala, Edwards and Spatz, 2015). Such efforts become instrumental in the achievement of "Incremental" improvements over long period of time or achieving "breakthrough" improvements within a stipulated time period. W. Edwards Deming was the first who propagated such a developmental procedure, in which the effectiveness and efficiency of the product and/or service delivery systems are constantly being evaluated and improved based on the feedback available from the customers and the estimation of the condition of the market. This strategy is also known as Kaizen, a Japanese word which means changing for good (McFadden, Stock and Gowen, 2015). The kaizen methodology follows sis major steps that can be used to ensure continuous quality improvement (McLean, Antony and Dahlgaard, 2015): Step1: Discovering improvement potential: Toyota should focus on those small aspects of their operational activities that have a significant effect on the production of cars. Bringing about minor changes in those aspects could result in a major improvement of the entire system. Step2: Analyze current methods: The processes currently being utilized in the identified operational activities should be critically analyzed. Step3: Generating ideas: The organization should work on original ideas that could improve the methods currently being used. In the next step, these ideas should be implemented within the scope of a pilot project, and efficiency of the pilot project should be well analyzed before implementing the changes throughout the production system. c.Value added services: Added value can be considered as the difference in the value of the raw materials that are used for production and that of the finished product available from the production line. From the marketing point of view, those values that when added to a product creates a brand value for the commodity arte considered to be the added value of that particular service or product. In general, the brand values of products or services are improved by enhancing the technologies incorporated in the products or services, the designs used, the methodologies used to develop the products and the utilities available from the products or services (Hargitai, 2002). The values that are added to various products and services are of the following types: Quality Added Value: Adds use of convince or other desirable characteristics to the product. Environmental Added Value: Employment of methods and processes that is not harmful to the environment. Cause-related added value: Products or services that donate a part of the generated sales revenue to some social cause. Cultural added value: Products that are designed and developed using methods that meet the requirements of customers having distinct cultural values. Toyota could include such designs or features in their cars that would be beneficial for the disabled people, thus incorporating quality added values to their products. Reducing the amount of waste created by their production system would help in the incorporation of environmental value in their products (Thomas, 2003). d.Availability of information: On their official website, Toyota makes available the following types of information (Wang et al., 2005): The details of all the products that the company manufactures. The details of the technologies used in the products. The after sales Quick services available to the customers. The various authorized service centers and show rooms of the organization The details of those organizations that would provide financial help to those customers who purchase Toyota products. The information provided by the organization helps the customers to compare products before purchasing and to collect the details of the showrooms and the other such facilities beforehand. Effective marketing can be considered as the quality by virtue of which organizations are able to maximize the amount of revenue generated through sale of products. When an organization provides detailed information regarding any product, the customers provide much more attention to it as compared to those products whose detailed information is not released by the manufacturing companies. Customers tend to choose products that have been well-reviewed by others or which have been improved by the manufacturing organization over a period of time. Toyota, by providing such details of their products on their official website is able to draw the attention of the customers towards their products. a.Quality measurement: Quality measurement can be considered as the process of measuring the level of the quality services that are being made available to the customers of the organization. The measurement of quality is used in the following ways (Tang, 2005): Program measurement: Overseeing the major functionalities of the system to ensure that the goals of the program are successfully met with. Accountability: Providing a demonstration of the goals that have been achieved. Quality improvement: Improving those aspects of the operational activities that are not functioning according to the requirements of the management. Reporting Results: Generating internal reports regarding the quality of services provided to the customers. Quality can be measured using the following methods (Shanmugam, 2007): Six sigma: is a structured and data defined methodology that is useful in eliminating defects from any process, be it manufacturing or providing services to others. The six sigma methodology can be used in Toyota to eliminate defects from all operational activities of the organization (Ray and Das, 2010). Statistical Quality Control: is a method of quality control which utilizes various statistical methodologies to monitor and control a process. The Statistical Quality Control would be useful in reducing the defects present in the production system of the organization to a significant extent. b.Benefits of user and non-user surveys i.User Surveys: When a survey is conducted with the aim of questioning only those people who are currently using some product of a specific brand or organization, a user survey is said to be in use. The benefits of a user survey are as follows (Imam, 2014): Feedback of customer satisfaction: The organization gets an overview of the current level of customer satisfaction. Tracking changes: By conducting several surveys, the changes in levels of customer feedback can be clearly understood, thus revealing the changes in the requirements of the customers. Expressing commitment: By user surveys are conducted by organizations, the customers are made aware of the commitment of the manufacture to quality products and services. ii. Non-User Surveys: When surveys are conducted with the aim of including the perceptions of those customers who do not use the products of a specific company, the survey is termed as a non-user survey. The benefits of such a survey are (Kenett and Salini, 2011): Identification of current market trends: Interviewing the non-user groups provide a chance of gaining knowledge about the current trend of the market in terms of utilities and features being made available to the users. Identification of customer requirements: a non-user survey is able to reveal those requirements of the target customers that are not met by the products being designed and developed by the organization. c.Methods of consultation People belonging to certain ethnicity and strata of the society, who have not been included while conducting surveys or have been included in far lesser numbers than others, are often termed as under- represented groups. In general, people belonging to non-native ethnic races and those belonging to families having lower income, form such groups (Nie, 2009). The government has been providing various aids to the under- represented groups in order to improve the standard of living of these groups. Thus the economic conditions of such groups have improved significantly in the past few years, along with the increase in their capacity of spending. Thus, at this point of time, the under- represented groups are being considered as a target group by various organizations: hence the need to include them in consumer surveys. The various methods using which such surveys can be conducted are: Surveys using printed questioners or forms can be used to include under-represented groups in consumer surveys. Telephonic and/ or Mail surveys: The telephone numbers and the e mail addresses of customers are collected by most organizations these days and can be used to conduct surveys. Group interviews: Interviewing a group of people can also be used as a survey tool. Surveys can also be conducted various social media sites. d.Complaints procedures A procedure, following which the customers can inform the manufacturing organization about the defects present in their products any other grievances regarding the quality of the products, is known as a complaint procedure (Complaints and disciplinary procedures, 2010). Most companies provide three processes available to the customers, using which they can register any product or quality related complaint to the company: the processes being- Using the hot-line numbers provided for the purpose of registering complaints Registering complaints by sending e-mails to those departments who are concerned with the activity of solving such issues By providing feedbacks on the official websites of the organizations Among the above mentioned procedures, using the hotline number is that procedure which is most frequently used by customers. When a customer calls such numbers, the representatives of the organization at first listen to their problems and tries to provide feasible solutions. When they are unable to do so, they register the complaint made by the customer and contact those technicians or engineers who they feel would be able to solve the problems (Mller, 2014). Since Toyota uses latest technologies in their products, any technical problem faced by the customers can only be solved by the authorized technicians of the company. Hence the process mentioned above would be helpful in consulting such a person. a.Self-assessment: The process using which the higher management of an organization is bale to assess the performance of the company, its strength and weakness and the various sizeable opportunities that are available to the organization are known as the self asse4sment procedures. Using a self assessment procedure, the management can reveal whether the objectives and goals of the organization are met with or not: it plays a vital role in the process of conducting business in a successful way. It is the primary tool that can be used to reveal the state of health of the organization and to find out those operational activities that need to be improved to meet the goals of the organization. The various self assessment procedures used by organizations are: Benchmarking: Organizations often consider various internationally accepted standards to compare their current situations in order to evaluate their state of health. Internal self-assessment and External agencies: Review committees internal to the organization are often formed to review the various operational activities of the organization. External agencies can also be employed to do the same. Peer review: assessment groups from organizations operating in similar fields can also be employed for the process of assessment. b.Importance of communication and record keeping: A well formed communication system is an essential part of an effective quality management system. In order to measure the efficiency of the quality management system, organizations need to communicate with their customers and stakeholders alike, and then communicate the feedback provided by them to the management so as formulate strategies that would help in meeting the requirements of the customers. Thus, communication forms the backbone of any successful organization. Record keeping is yet another activity that plays a vital role in the operational activities of an organization. Records about various products are maintained by organizations along with the details of customers, employees, dealers and other stakeholders of the organization. The various strategic decisions taken by the management of the organizations are generally based on the records maintained by the organization. The communication processes used in large organizations are basically of two types: Formal: Sending official mails to dealers, stakeholders; conducting official meetings, etc Informal: telephonic or electronic communication among employees; telephonic communication with customers and dealers, etc. In an organization as large as Toyota, the information regarding the newly launched products and the stock of old products need to be regularly communicated to the authorize dealers. The management needs to communicate the newly implemented strategies and technologies to the employees from time to time. Organizations also communicate with their customers on a regular basis regarding the feedbacks provided by them and / or the complaints registered by them: the marketing strategies used for branding processes could also be considered as a communication strategy. Last but not the least; the employees are also encouraged to communicate innovative ideas that they feel are potential enough to be practically implemented, to the higher management. c.Staff consultation: Encouraging the employees to participate in the process of developing tactical strategies is one of the best management policies that have been implemented in Toyota. The organization is known for the active participation of all its employees in various operational aspects that aim at improving the quality and reducing the costs associated with production. Employees are also encouraged to communicate those ideas which they feel would be beneficial to the company. The process of staff consultation makes sure that the employees do not feel pressurized by the decisions taken by the management but actively participate in them. The various stages of staff consultation have been described in the following section: Figure: Deming Cycle - PDCA Cycle As depicted in the Deming cycle, the employees are encouraged to plan a strategy at first and act according to it. After that, the results of the activities are measured and adjustments are made to the strategies: after which the newly found strategies are re-implemented. The cycle is continued until and unless the strategies are discarded or an optimized plan is developed. d.Modifying Toyotas existing systems: In order to improve the quality of services being provided to the customers, most organizations implement a wide range of changes in the way they manage the quality of their products: organizations seriously consider the feedbacks provided by the customers and work on the defects pointed out by them, besides implementing strategies like re-defining quality services and redesigning the procedures used to measure the satisfaction levels of the customers and updating the tools that are used to provide high quality services to the customers. Thus, it can be safely said that implementing changes in the process of quality management is essential for improving the system. In order to improve the existing operation al system, Toyota could implement the following strategies: Encouraging the employees to provide new ideas and work on them Providing proper training to the employees and employing skilled employees in the production line Investing in the production of hybrid cars Including more non-Asian employees in the higher management The staff consultation and employment of trained workers will be helpful in maintaining the quality of the products developed by Toyota. On the other hand, hybrid cars are being considered as the future generation of cars and Toyota should invest in the process of developing such cars to avail the advantage of being the first mover in the market. Last but not the least, the incorporation of more non-Asian employees in the top management will help the company in capturing the non-Asian market. 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